Report of the Knowledge Community on responsible artificial intelligence in health

Overview

This report presents the proceedings of the Knowledge Community on artificial intelligence (AI) in health, a 5-week structured online dialogue held between October and December 2025 by the WHO Regional Office for Europe. Bringing together clinicians, researchers, policy-makers and digital health experts from across the Region and globally, the Community explored what responsible AI in health means in practice. Discussions moved progressively from defining ethical and economically sustainable AI, through real-world examples of both promise and harm, to the barriers and enablers shaping deployment. Key barriers identified included fragmented and biased datasets, governance gaps, unclear accountability and AI literacy deficits. Enablers centred on strong governance frameworks, codesign with patients and clinicians, transparency and equitable access. Participants also debated what must be addressed first before converging on concrete priority actions. The report distils these collective insights to inform policy and guide health systems in the responsible adoption of AI.