Policy considerations to improve access to refractive error care

Overview

Uncorrected refractive error is the leading cause of vision impairment worldwide. Although spectacles are a simple and cost-effective solution, barriers such as high costs, restrictive regulations, workforce shortages, limited public sector involvement and poor awareness continue to limit access, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This guide supports policy-makers, lawmakers and regulatory authorities in identifying legislative and regulatory barriers affecting the provision of refractive error care and considering policy actions to improve access and affordability.

Aligned with the WHO SPECS 2030 initiative, the guide focuses on five policy areas: improving access to refractive error services through integration of spectacles dispensing and screening programmes; building workforce capacity through competency-based teams, strengthened training systems and appropriate engagement of informal providers; increasing public awareness of myopia risk factors; reducing costs through tax and tariff reforms, streamlined importation procedures and stronger distribution systems; and strengthening quality, surveillance and research through national standards and integration of refractive error indicators into health information systems. The guide emphasizes government leadership, cross-sectoral collaboration and stakeholder engagement to improve equitable access to refractive error care and support progress towards universal health coverage.